
Symbols of the spiritual world on ancient Greek vase art
The symbolism of the spirits of the dead in Greek vase paintings depicts souls beginning their journey to the underworld in classical Greek art. In Greek and Roman literature and symbolism spirits of the underworld frequently appear. The lifeless figure carried in the center is Sarpedon king of Lycia and son of Zeus often seen in red-painted pottery in ancient Greek ceramics. The two winged gods on the left and right are Hypnos the god of sleep and Thanatos the twin gods of death in Greek and Roman mythology.

An ancient bronze vessel handle Cista handle from the Etruscan civilization dating back to approximately the 4th-3rd century BC.
Thanatos is a god or spirit representing a peaceful death. His touch is gentle comparable to that of his twin brother Hypnos who appears as a winged god carrying a corpse sometimes aided by Thanatos's bloodthirsty sister Hypnos the spirit of murder and disease. Death in Greek mythology is in the context of a peaceful departure.
Attic Black-Figure Olpe dating from approximately 500–525 BC was painted by an artist known as The Painter of Vatican.
Mourning depictions include large vase paintings of Thanatos showing burial scenes signifying "the laying of the body" to show respect and mourn the deceased. From the exquisite white lekitos vases of Classical Athens circa 480-323 BC the ancient Greeks created beautiful pottery as tombstones for their loved ones including symbols of Thanatos in the form of a beardless winged figure and warriors in armor and cloaks. Today the cultural value of pottery art lies in its aesthetic or sculptural significance.

The fresco of the god Dionysus in the House of Thiasus in Pompeii
This nearly life-sized ruby-red fresco depicts the ceremonial procession Thiasos of Dionysus the god of wine in the banquet hall of what archaeologists call the House of Thiasus This magnificent fresco was a new discovery in early 2025 in the Regio IX district of the ancient city of Pompeii Italy. The interior decoration typical of ancient Roman architecture features columns stained or painted in deep red tones reflecting the use of vibrant colors polychromy. The fresco includes fluted columns a style common in ancient architecture and ancient stone or stucco columns with deep vertical flutes. The surface shows signs of chipping and age.
This fresco is part of a ritualistic procession honoring the god Dionysus newly discovered in an ancient banquet hall in the Regio IX of Pompeii Italy.
The depiction shows satyrs playing flutes and maenads in various poses. One image shows a goat carried on a shoulder while another shows a young pointed-eared satyr playing a flute while another performs an acrobatic wine offering. Rare large-scale paintings such as those of the Villa of Secrets include traces of the cult of Dionysus. His festivals possibly influenced by foreign elements may have been inherited and played a significant role in the Greek tradition of grape harvesting and winemaking by the Mycenaean Greeks from approximately 1,500 to 1,100 BC.

The ancient frescoes in this image are near-life-sized works of art megalography found in the banquet hall of the historic House of Thiasus "Casa del Tiaso" in Pompeii Italy.
The mystery of Dionysus in the classical world depicted in the frescoes involves pouring wine from his mountain drinking it over his shoulder into low vessels. The depiction of the night approaching the resurrected god of the dead is shown in the frescoes. In the center of the painting a young woman and an old man named Silenus hold torches the young woman represents a deceased woman who underwent the ritual with the elderly Silenus. The large-scale frescoes reveal the mysteries of Dionysus in the classical world. Statues of important figures and Greek gods stretch around with a fresco-decorated hall appearing marking the beginning of the mystery and the procession and rituals of Dionysus's worship.

Ancient Roman frescoes at the House of Livia
Livia's house was first discovered during excavations in 1839 and identified as Livia's after the discovery of a lead pipe labeled IVLIA AVGVSTA These paintings were intended to serve as a passageway leading to an inner courtyard with three rooms. These illusionary paintings filled with exotic birds revealed four magnificent frescoes adorning the walls of the dining room. The ancient Roman mansion Domus built around the 1st century BC features a central atrium and remarkably well-preserved Second Style Pompeii frescoes including a black and white geometric mosaic floor.

Casa di Livia an ancient Roman monument on Palatin Hill in Rome Italy features remarkably well-preserved ancient Roman frescoes.
These frescoes among the most popular in ancient Rome still show traces of human activity. A blend of styles created in the 1st century BC they are considered one of the best-preserved Roman frescoes remaining. A passageway paved with white mosaic tiles on a black background leads to an inner courtyard with three rooms decorated with stunning Second Style paintings.
The famous fresco of the painted garden at the Villa of Livia in Pirimaporta near Rome was created around 30–20 BC. An optical illusion that simulates the atmosphere of a lush natural garden full of plants birds and fruit.
These depict landscapes architecture fairy tales and dramas. The walls are decorated with tassels and fruit garlands surrounded by columns and similar architectural elements. The decorations depict the legend of Polyphemus and Galatea a tale of unrequited love. Over the architecture fantastical landscape motifs including images of winged sphinxes are incorporated certainly to entertain visitors by offering creative perspectives in the spaces between the columns. In the center is a replica of an ancient painting.
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The fresco of the god Dionysus in the House of Thiasus in Pompeii This nearly life-sized ruby-red fresco depicts the ceremonial procession T...
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Ancient Roman frescoes at the House of Livia Livia's house was first discovered during excavations in 1839 and identified as Livia's...
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The fresco of the god Dionysus in the House of Thiasus in Pompeii This nearly life-sized ruby-red fresco depicts the ceremonial procession T...
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Ancient Roman frescoes at the House of Livia Livia's house was first discovered during excavations in 1839 and identified as Livia's...
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